Augustus Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

Augustus Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Augustus Augustus Gaius Julius Octavius Augustus was born plain Gaius Octavius at Rome on September 23rd. His father was the first in the family to become senator, but died when Octavian was only four years old. It was his mother who had the more distinguished connection. She was the daughter of Julia, sister to Julius Caesar. He was short in Stature, and well proportioned. His body however was covered in spots and he had many birthmarks scattered over his chest and belly. As for character it is said that he was cruel when he was young, but became better when he good older. He was tolerant of criticism and possessed a good sense of humor. Although unfaithful to his wife Livia Drusilla, he remained deeply devoted to her. His public moral attitudes were strict. Octavian served under Julius Caesar in the Spanish expedition of 46 BC. It was possible that he designated to take a senior military command in Caesar's projected Parthian expedition of 44 BC, although at the time he was only 18 years old. But Octavian was with his friends Marcus Agrippa and Marcus Salvidienus Rufus in Appollonia in Epirus completing his academic and military studies, when news reached him of Caesar's assassination. He at once returned to Rome. He learned on the way that Caesar had adopted him in his will. The news sharpened his resolve to avenge Caesar's murder. When he arrived he found power in the hands of Marc Antony and Aemilius Lepidus, who were urging compromise and amnesty. Octavian refused to accept this, and succeeded in undermining Antony's position by winning over many of Caesar's supporters, including some of the legions. He was failed to persuade Marc Antony to hand over Caesar's assets and documents. Octavian was compelled to distribute Caesar's legacies to the Roman public from whatever funds he was able to raise from other sources. This no doubt raised his standing with the Roman's considerably. Octavian's own standing had been heightened by the deification of Julius Caesar. No longer addressed as Octavian but as Caesar he would now also style himself as son of god. Augustus was one of the most talented, energetic and skillful administrators that the world has ever known. The work of reorganization and rehabilitation which he undertook in every branch of his vast empire created a new Roman peace. He won genuine popular support by hosting games, erecting new buildings, and by other measures to the general good. He understood that his personal standing and security would be strengthened by governing in the public interest. Augustus was no great military leader, but had the good sense to recognize the fact. Mainly he relied on his faithful friend Agrippa to do the fighting for him. Agter Actium, Augustus took personal lead in only one campaign, the Cantabrian War of 26-25 BC in Spain. Even there it was one of his generals who brought the war to a successful conclusion. Augustus' reign was more successful that he ever could of imagined. He lived long enough to make his family seem the natural rulers in the eyes of the Roman's. Though to insure that the power should pass down to an heir of his proved difficult. Save for a premature baby his marriage to Livia produced no children. Augustus did have a daughter, Julia, from a previous marriage to Scribonia. His plans focused on Julia's husband and children. In 25 BC Augustus married Julia to Marcellus, the son of his sister Ovtavia, but when Augustus believed himself dying in 23 BC he passed his signet rings not to Marcellus, but to Agrippa. On Augustus' recovery there were all the signs of an impending power to struggle between Marcellus and Agrippa. Marcellus soon fell ill and died. This left Agrippa the obvious candidate to be teh emperor's heir. In 21 BC had him divorced his existing wife and marry the widowed Julia. Agrippa was 25 years her senior, but the marriage produced three sons and twon daughters. Augustus adopted the sons Gaius and Lucius of the Marriage as his own. Agrippa died in 12 BC, leaving Julia widowed once again. Augustus without a guardian. Augustus considered his wife Livia's two adult sons from her previous marriage. Augustus obliged Tiberius, the elder of the two, to

Free Essays on Thomas Jefferson

(Born April 13, 1743 at Shadwell, Virginia; died July 4, 1826, Monticello) Thomas Jefferson author of the Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia voiced the aspirations of a new America as no other individual of his era. As public official, historian, philosopher, and plantation owner, he served his country for over five decades. His father Peter Jefferson was a successful planter and surveyor and his mother Jane Randolph a member of one of Virginia's most distinguished families. Having inherited a considerable landed estate from his father, Jefferson began building Monticello when he was twenty-six years old. Three years later, he married Martha Wayles Skelton, with whom he lived happily for ten years until her death. Their marriage produced six children, but only two survived to adulthood. Jefferson, who never remarried, maintained Monticello as his home throughout his life, always expanding and changing the house. Jefferson inherited slaves from both his father and father-in-law. In a typical year, he owned about 200, almost half of them under the age of sixteen. About eighty of these lived at Monticello; the others lived on adjacent Albemarle County plantations, and on his Poplar Forest estate in Bedford County, Virginia. Jefferson freed two slaves in his lifetime and five in his will and chose not to pursue two others who ran away. All were members of the Hemings family; the seven he eventually freed were skilled tradesmen.Having attended the College of William and Mary, Jefferson practiced law and served in local government as a magistrate, county lieutenant, and member of the House of Burgesses in his early professional life. As a member of the Continental Congress, he was chosen in 1776 to draft the Declaration of Independence, which has been regarded ever since as a charter of American and univer... Free Essays on Thomas Jefferson Free Essays on Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson is remembered in history not only for the offices he held, but also for his belief in the natural rights of man as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and his faith in the people’s ability to govern themselves. He left an impact on his times equaled by few others in American history. Born on April 13, 1743, Jefferson was the third child in the family and grew up with six sisters and one brother. Though he opposed slavery, his family had owned slaves. From his father and his environment he developed an interest in botany, geology, cartography, and North American exploration, and from his childhood teacher developed a love for Greek and Latin. In 1760, at the age of 16, Jefferson entered the College of William and Mary and studied under William Small and George Wythe. Through Small, he got his first views of the expansion of science and of the system of things in which we are placed. Through Small and Wythe, Jefferson became acquainted with Governor Francis Fauquier. After finishing college in 1762, Jefferson studied law with Wythe and noticed growing tension between America and Great Britain. Jefferson was admitted to the bar in 1767. He successfully practiced law until public service occupied most of his time. At his home in Shadwell, he designed and supervised the building of his home, Monticello, on a nearby hill. He was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1769. Jefferson met Martha Wayles Skelton, a wealthy widow of 23, in 1770 and married her in 1772. They settled in Monticello and had one son and five daughters. Only two of his children, Martha and Mary, survived until maturity. Mrs. Martha Jefferson died in 1782, leaving Thomas to take care of his two remaining children. Though not very articulate, Jefferson proved to be an able writer of laws and resolutions he was very concise and straight to... Free Essays on Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Who: Thomas Jefferson was born in Albermarle County, Virginia. He attended the College of William and Mary. Jefferson married Martha Wayles Skelton and they lived at Monticello. He was a member of the Continental Congress and the Virginia House of Burgesses. At the age of 33 he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson became minister to France causing much conflict with Alexander Hamilton. He was the third President of the United States and retired after his second term. Thomas Jefferson pushed for states rights as opposed to a central government. He died in 1826. What: In 1776 at the age of 33 Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence. He would later write a bill for the freedom of religion that would be enacted in 1786. Thomas Jefferson succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to france in 1785. As two parties began to form Jefferson took the leadership of the Republicans. He lost the presidential election by three votes to Adams, only to become his Vice President. When he finally became President the revolution in France was over. Jefferson cut back on Army and Navy expenditures, cut the budget, and got rid of the tax on whiskey and still managed to drop the national debt by thirty three percent. The greatest success of his presidency was the Louisiana Purchase. With this he was able to double the size of the United States by purchasing vast amounts of land from Napoleon. The purchase also brought along troubles with Spain since the boundaries were unclear. Jefferson later tried to purchase the Floridas but to no ava il. During his second year Jefferson had to deal with French and English warships forcing American merchants into service. To stop the impressment of Americans Jefferson passed the Embargo Act, cutting off all trade from America. A very unpopular and hard to enforce act, it was later replaced by the NonIntercourse Act prohibiting trade with Great Britain an... Free Essays on Thomas Jefferson (Born April 13, 1743 at Shadwell, Virginia; died July 4, 1826, Monticello) Thomas Jefferson author of the Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia voiced the aspirations of a new America as no other individual of his era. As public official, historian, philosopher, and plantation owner, he served his country for over five decades. His father Peter Jefferson was a successful planter and surveyor and his mother Jane Randolph a member of one of Virginia's most distinguished families. Having inherited a considerable landed estate from his father, Jefferson began building Monticello when he was twenty-six years old. Three years later, he married Martha Wayles Skelton, with whom he lived happily for ten years until her death. Their marriage produced six children, but only two survived to adulthood. Jefferson, who never remarried, maintained Monticello as his home throughout his life, always expanding and changing the house. Jefferson inherited slaves from both his father and father-in-law. In a typical year, he owned about 200, almost half of them under the age of sixteen. About eighty of these lived at Monticello; the others lived on adjacent Albemarle County plantations, and on his Poplar Forest estate in Bedford County, Virginia. Jefferson freed two slaves in his lifetime and five in his will and chose not to pursue two others who ran away. All were members of the Hemings family; the seven he eventually freed were skilled tradesmen.Having attended the College of William and Mary, Jefferson practiced law and served in local government as a magistrate, county lieutenant, and member of the House of Burgesses in his early professional life. As a member of the Continental Congress, he was chosen in 1776 to draft the Declaration of Independence, which has been regarded ever since as a charter of American and univer... Free Essays on Thomas Jefferson In this article â€Å"Thomas Jefferson and the Meanings of Liberty,† scholar and historian Douglas L. Wilson warns of the dangers of presentism when evaluating the character of Thomas Jefferson and his contributions. Wilson used the alleged affair between Jefferson and Sally Hemings to present his case of presentism. He then showed how presentism has distorted history as in the case of how Americans now perceive the stories of the Old West. Wilson took great effort to show that Jefferson had many qualities and talents that were never justly emphasized. In fact, he portrayed Jefferson as a modern futuristic thinker whose own personal life did not reflect his beliefs in regards to freedom and race. Thomas Jefferson’s ideas and beliefs about equality of man were heavily influenced from European thinkers during the eighteenth century, or the Age of Reason. Fawn M. Brodie published a book in 1974 where she tried to prove that Thomas Jefferson and his slave girl, Sally Hemings, had a thirty-eight year love affair. Jefferson himself denied the allocation. Jefferson biographer Dumas Malone stated the book had no historical merit. Wilson believed that great Americans, including Kennedy, should be judged by their accomplishments and not by their personal weaknesses. Wilson argues how presentism has distorted history regarding stories and tales that used to glorify the Old West. These have now turned to lessons on how man has ruined the land and mistreated the Indians. A generation ago children admired the stories of Davy Crocket and other Indian fighters and today the old heroes of the west are regarded as killers who destroyed the land and personal rights of the Indian. Wilson strongly argues that using our values today alter the heroes of yesterday. Douglas showed in his article that Jefferson was a contemporary on such views as exercise and diet and architecture. In his youth he was a runner and later believed in the benefits of wal... Free Essays on Thomas Jefferson When the name Thomas Jefferson is mentioned we consider it a prastejuse name of one of this great nation’s Founding Fathers. We are proud to have such a brilliant man representing the history of this nation. If an individual were to take a step closer they may be a little surprised at what they might find, and even upset that this man represents a part of this nation’s history. The greatest of conflicting issues with Thomas Jefferson was his issue on slavery. Was Thomas Jefferson for slavery, against it, or is this an issue that will boggle the minds of many people for eternity? This paper will provide facts and opinions on what the answer to those questions might be. Did Thomas Jefferson’s contributions help or hinder the creation of our nation today? Thomas Jefferson was born into a life as a slave owner. He inherited twenty-two slave and 5,000 acres of land from is father’s death. A decade later he inherited 135 more slaves and more land from his father-in-laws death (Finkelman, 186). At the end of the Revolution Thomas Jefferson had what seemed to be a miniature state, containing his family and around two hundred slaves (Finkelman, 186). Throughout his entire life he would buy and sell a great number of slaves, and as a slave owner he was nether to helpful or to hindering. He would punish them if they needed it and reward them if they did something out of their regular duties. He was considered to be an ordinary southerner and master (Finkelman, 186). Despite the many men of his stature at that time were manumitting or emancipating their slaves Thomas Jefferson would never conform to any such thing. He would own his slaves until the day that he died, and even then they would be sold to pay off the debt he owed at his death (Thomas). Through his life he would only free seven of the hundreds of slaves he owned....

Youth cell phones compasny Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Youth cell phones compasny - Essay Example Why do you think the YCP Company had been able to grow in just over five years? The first five years of YCP were marked by strong growth for a number of reasons. An important factor is the strong growth of the market for mobile and internet technology, as this was the period of commercial introduction and fast development in these areas, so the rise in demand was strong, particularly in its chosen niche (young mobile and internet customers) and the industry still generally open to new entrants. Based on data provided, the following information was computed: YCP performance for the last five years Year ended Revenues (MUSD) No. of Subscribers Ave. rev. per subscriber 1998 80.0 100,000 800.00 1999 200.0 195,000 1,025.64 2000 270.0 330,000 818.18 2001 380.0 680,000 558.82 2002 750.0 1,970,000 380.71 The first three columns were data provided, form which the average revenue per subscriber was computed in the last column. It was evident that from the third year onwards, the sales growth a chieved by YCP was on the basis of attracting new volume by lowering prices. While the cost figures are not given for us to compute the breakeven point, it is sufficient to note that by 2001, the firm was offering its services for prices below its introductory rates in 1998, which may indicate that the company is operating at below breakeven prices. 2) What impression have you formed of corporate governance in YCP Company? For the first two years, there appeared to be no indication of major lapses in corporate governance. ... failure, is irregular in the case of YCP because the bonuses are explicitly stated to be based on the appreciation of the company’s stock value rather than on its earnings, which is an untenable basis on which to compute executive compensation. Executive pay and bonuses are anchored on the firm’s earnings, not its market capitalization; therefore, this is a matter to be investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. 3) What is your opinion of the ownership structure in YCP, in light of the fact co-administrators Kong and Watson retain 60% of the voting equity. Can group of small shareholders make a significant contribution to the governance of the company? What about large shareholders? As far as ownership structure is concerned, there is no legal or ethical problem in Kong and Watson holding 60% of the equity. A strong controlling interest properly discharged can even articulate business strategy more clearly and create a stronger business (Ozer, et al., 2010, p. 18). It is clear that based on voting rights, Kong and Watson clearly have controlling ownership of the firm. There should be no conflict of interest, however, in their being members of the board, as the board represents the shareholders’ interests which is their own. Being members of the board, however, they are charged with the duty of due diligence and of acting in the interests of all shareholders, not only their own. This does not mean that groups of small shareholder or even large (though minority) shareholders are powerless against decisions but the majority shareholders that are patently inimical to the corporation’s interests. They still are entitled to a full disclosure and complete information about how the company is run, violation of which could be the basis for litigation. SEC

The Use of the Draft by the United States of America Thesis Proposal - 1

The Use of the Draft by the United States of America - Thesis Proposal Example The nation has paid a price for this in terms of the efficacy of its military actions and the results of the military interventions forced on it as the keeper of world peace. It is well past the time when the policy of an all-volunteer army is revisited, and the draft at 18 is reinstated for the peace in the world and satisfaction of achieving responsibilities felt at home. The demise of the Soviet Union has raised the stakes of the U.S. as the sole military and economic superpower in the eyes of the world, with the added responsibility of providing freedom and justice and maintaining peace in the world. Such a pragmatic vision was held out by the Presidential candidate George W. Bush in 1999, â€Å"For America, this is a time of unrivaled military power, economic promise, and cultural influence† (Campbell & O’Hanlon, 2006, p.28). The new millennium was to witness this drive in terms of national security and responsibility to the world. Citizens of the U.S.A have never fought a war on their land for the mere safety of family, home and country, save during the War of Independence to remove the yoke of colonialism. During the War of Independence, there was no requirement for conscription, as men believed it was their obligation, as bravery and valor flowed in their blood. The all-volunteer army is a reflection of the erosion in such values and the belief that military service is an obligation of the men of the nation (Bailey, 2009). Opposing the draft and support for the all-volunteer army reinforces the consideration that the present generation has gone soft with easy living. Do we want our wives to wake up one morning with the realization that her husband sleeping next to her is a coward, unwilling to fight to protect her children, home, and country? Or do we want our children to grow up to the realization that we were yellow-livered chickens? Let’s shed our looking for the easy way of life and demonstrate a willingness to be responsible for family and home, not merely in materialistic things, but also in true values and principles, built on the blood of our forefathers.

Thoreau vs Dickinson Essay Example for Free

Thoreau vs Dickinson Essay When thinking of both philosophy and poems in the transcendentalist era who are the main figures that come up? Two of the main figures Dickinson and Thoreau came up with writing based on nature and life. They wrote similarly, yet quite differently as shown in the following two quotes. â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, discover that I had not lived-Thoreau and â€Å"Tell the Truth but tell it slant†¦The Truth’s superb surprise†¦ With explanation kind The truth must dazzle gradually Or every man be blind. -Dickinson.† The similarity between these two pieces, more specifically between these two quotes is a very specific theme that is imbedded, most likely for no particular reason. The theme is quite simple actually; it’s the reaction of one to a specific situation. Even though this theme wasn’t literally fixed or imbedded in these quotes on purposebecause it is not the overarching theme that is part of these quotes, it has been created naturally. Since the overarching theme is human nature a smaller theme as such can arise. The language that is presented in the above quotes is similar because it is figurative. When Thoreau says that â€Å"I had not lived† he doesn’t mean I have not lived literally. The real meaning is I had not discovered much about life in the time that I was given to do so. When Dickinson says â€Å"Or every man be blind† she is not literally telling her audience that one will literally be blind, but he will be oblivious to what is. The language in these quotes is also different as well because Dickinson uses capitalization for emphasis and Thoreau uses personification. An example of such is â€Å"†¦what it had to teach†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A person can literally teach you, but life cannot. The word â€Å"teach† personifies life and is used to put and emphasis on the fact that you can really learn what life is about when observing it. Dickinson uses capitalization for one main reason. As a unique person and writer she has created her own language and emphasis by capitalization is part it. Personification is also a major part of how Thoreau writes. He was a transcendentalist; therefore, he thought and wrote a lot of nature, both human and nonhuman, and life itself. By using personification he puts together his thoughts on nature with what is not actually part of it. As shown in the two quotes above these techniques or rather these strategies in Dickinson’s and in Thoreau’s writing have literally become a part of their writing style.

Religion is a Vital Part of Life :: Religion Religious Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Does religion really affect the way people live their daily lives? People believe that religion makes a better family and makes the world a better place to live. Many people follow religion so strongly that the future generations follow religion just as hard. Some people seem to change religion for their own recognition. There seem to be those people who go to church for the recognition, then those that who go and actually live by the word of God. So many different kinds of religions have sprung up, and with the different religions out there, it becomes hard to know which ones to choose and which ones will actually help with choices that the future generation will overcome. With the variety of religions we have to choose from today, one religion suits everyone, but also will be known to helping change the past customs to fit the society today, help with the children and families, and also help with governments decisions for the future generations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the world changing and growing daily, the key to religious success comes from staying true to yourself through thick and thin. With past rituals and rules, being successful in religion becomes difficult, according to a writer named Gary Wills (Wills). So by worshipping things like camels would not apply today because of the fact that we do not use camels anymore, could be changed to worshipping something along the lines of a car, or clothes, or a model’s body. Also, religious practices, such as abstinence based on today’s religious beliefs, may not have applied back then because of the young marriage age. Also, with the preaching’s done in the past, times have changed, and so have the sermons, in order to keep the people coming. With everything changing so fast, people seem to be changing along with the society, and so the only thing that keeps the church up to date with everything comes from the children. The children in families seem to help with the changing in the church. Since the children live in this generation, they tend to help the congregation change with the society. According to Rhonda Stock religion helps with a family setting. She raises all her children to follow in the Lord’s steps and she hopes that when they grow up and live their own lives, that they will see how well religion has affected their lives.

Job Involvement On Employee Satisfaction Health And Social Care Essay

This instance survey examines the relationship between occupation engagement and employee satisfaction with specific mention to medical physicians working at learning infirmaries of Riphah International University. Data was collected from 127 medical physicians. The consequences indicate that occupation engagement has a important impact of medical physicians working at learning infirmaries of Riphah International University. Schemes and recommendations are besides discussed. Field of Research: Human Resource ManagementIntroductionThe Hippocratic Oath requires that â€Å" physician shall continue the criterions of professionalism, be honest in all professional interaction and strive to describe doctors lacking in character or competency or prosecuting in fraud or misrepresentation, to allow entities † . Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh ( 2005 ) , states that professional work comprises of exercising of cognition, accomplishments and discretional judgements. These properties are developed through committedness of professionals to their professions, to their peculiar domain of work and the promotion of organic structure of cognition. Medical profession is regarded as one of the noblest professions in the universe. It is merely natural that professional organic structures every bit good as the general public expect the medical practicians to show the highest criterions of professionalism. They are besides expected to adhere to these high criterions even in the face of such hardship as unfavourable occupation environment, hapless conditions and low earning degrees. In order to prolong the trust of the people, the medical professionals must turn out their committedness to competency, unity, morality and selflessness. The best manner to beef up their professionalism is to use these properties in their day-to-day patterns ( O ‘ Neil, 2002 ) . However, the major alterations in demographic forms, composing of the employment sector, increasing consumerism coupled with worsening moral criterions are progressively exerting force per unit area on professionalism. The medical profession is no exclusion. In the current epoch of information exposure and rapid globalisation, no state can put its professionals, be they of any subject, in quarantine. The medical profession in Pakistan is besides being affected by the international tendencies, both positively and negatively. The degree of occupation satisfaction among physicians, particularly immature physicians, appears to be worsening, as they are frequently found kicking about their inappropriate on the job conditions, deficiency of calling development chances, unequal compensation and thorough working hours etc. The people, nevertheless, by and large remain apathetic to these factors and go on to believe that the physicians must demo and follow with model criterions of professionalism, simply on the footing of their occupation engagement and committedness. The profession is perceived to be a service to the ailing humanity and its members are required to lift above personal involvements while executing their responsibilities. Though a figure of surveies have been done to mensurate the extent of and the subscribers to occupation satisfaction among medical practicians, this survey intends to look into and mensurate the impact of occupation engagement on the degree of occupation satisfaction. In order to happen the direct impact of occupation engagement, no other subscribers to occupation satisfaction have been included in the survey. The survey is based on the informations collected from the medical physicians functioning at the learning infirmaries of Riphah International University ( RIU ) , Islamabad viz. Pakistan Railway Hospital ( PRH ) , Rawalpindi, Islamic International Medical Complex ( IIMC ) , Islamabad and Islamic International Dental Complex ( IIDC ) Islamabad. The sample is a blend of physicians of assorted subjects like medical specialty, surgery and dental medicine.Problem StatementRIU is actively prosecuting the policy of bettering the health care substructure and criterions of patient attention services at its instruction infirmaries. The quality of the physicians and their professionalism at the occupation, is one of the major contributory factor for accomplishing the targeted high criterions. The professionalism of physicians mostly stems from the overall occupation environment in general and their degree of occupation satisfaction in peculiar. It is by and large believed that occupation engage ment has a positive correlativity with occupation satisfaction. In position of the RIU ‘s mission, to advance and pattern Islamic moralss and values in all domains of its activities, the physicians functioning at its instruction infirmaries are expected to demo greater committedness to the profession and derive satisfaction from dedication to and engagement with their occupation. However, no scientific survey has been done to mensurate this peculiar facet at any of the RIU ‘s instruction infirmaries to day of the month.Research QuestionDoes occupation engagement impact the degree of occupation satisfaction of the medical physicians functioning at the learning infirmaries of RIU? If so, what extent of this impact and what is the nature of this impact, positive or negative?Scope of the survey:The survey would be transverse sectional, primary informations based. All the physicians, from House Officers to Consultants/ Professors of all the three instruction infirmaries will be included in the survey.Survey Variables:The job statement intends to prove the impact of occupation engagement ( independent variable ) on occupation satisfaction ( dependent variable ) . Therefore, the survey would be directed towards mensurating the causal result between these two variables. Job engagement is defined as â€Å" the grade of psychological designation an employee has with his/her function in the workplace † ( Kannungo, 1982 ; Robinowitz and Hall, 1977 ) . Job satisfaction is defined as â€Å" an employee ‘s satisfaction with the feelings of success achieved from the occupation, the enjoyment of executing the responsibilities of the occupation and the degree of liberty associated with the occupation. ( Yilmaz, 2002 )Literature reappraisalThe construct of occupation engagement was foremost introduced by Lodahl and Kejiner ( 1965 ) . They related the occupation engagement to the psychological designation of an person with the work or importance of work in the person ‘s self image. It has a direct correlativity with occupation satisfaction and besides influences the work public presentation, sense of accomplishment and unexplained absenteeism. ( Robinowittz and Hall, 1977 ) . However, there is a important difference in the degree and extent of occupation engagement in different types of work ( Tang, 2000 ) Job satisfaction is one of the most researched constructs. It is regarded as cardinal to work and organisational psychological science. It serves as a go-between for making relationship between working conditions, on the one manus, and individual/organizational result on the other. ( Dormann and Zapf, 2001 ) It is by and large believed that physicians are progressively demoing dissatisfaction with their occupations. A cross sectional survey carried out in the USA, in 1986 and 1997, found a worsening tendency in the satisfaction degree among general internists and household practicians of Massachusetts ( Murray. et Al. 2001 ) . Other surveies besides indicate that a stress degree of physicians has dramatically increased during the last twosome of decennaries. Though the physicians have achieved noticeable success in footings of calling and fundss, they frequently remain over worked and stressed. Consequently, the defeat, choler and restlessness are taking many of them to lose sight of their calling ends and personal aspirations. Another survey concludes that the work load, unsuitable working hours and deficiency of inducements are the major subscribers to the dissatisfaction of public wellness attention doctors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ( Kalantan, et.al. 1999 ) . A survey, based on the informations acquired at the learning infirmary of Bahawalpur, concluded that â€Å" Most of the physicians in all ranks and with different makings were found non satisfied with their occupations due to miss of proper service construction and low wages † ( Ghazali et al, 2000 ) . There are besides other studies of worsening calling satisfaction due to worsening professional liberty ( Toedtm, 2001 ) .A survey conducted among Korean doctors besides concluded that overall occupation satisfaction of doctors was highly low ( Lee et al, 2008 ) . In order to understand the kineticss of occupation engagement and occupation satisfaction, the underlying contributing factors need to be looked at before determining the impact of one on the other. Previous surveies have found that factors like income, relationships, liberty, pattern environment and the market environment are of import spheres that influence physician satisfaction ( Mello et al, 2004 ) . Job engagement is the manner a individual looks at his occupation as a relationship with the working environment and the occupation itself. How occupation involvement generates feelings of disaffection of intent, disaffection in the organisation or feeling of separation between life and occupation as perceived by an employee. This creates co-relation between occupation engagement and work disaffection ( Rabinowitz and Hall, 1981 ) . Hellriegel and Slocum ( 2004 ) have argued that since satisfaction is a determiner of the work experience, it follows that high degrees of occupation dissatisfaction are indexs of deeper organisational jobs. Job dissatisfaction is strongly linked to absenteeism, turnover, and physical and mental wellness jobs. It can be safely concluded that occupation satisfaction has a strong relationship with organisational committedness. The workers who are attracted by the occupation and organisation turn out to be most motivated. This is because their organisational committedness and occupation engagement is of a really high degree. They identify with and care about their occupations. Dissatisfaction among the medical professional is non a recent phenomenon. Excessive work burden, demand on clip and bureaucratic working environment had been the traditional thorns taking to low degree of occupation satisfaction among the physicians ( Lee et al.,2008 ) . More countries of dissatisfaction have been identified by the recent surveies which relate to decreased professional liberty over clinical determinations and decreased clip per patient. ( Murray et al. , 2001 ) . Measuring the degree of occupation satisfaction among the medical professional strictly on the footing of occupation engagement may supply a new dimension to the findings of the old surveies. The occupation engagement of the medical practicians, in this survey, is being looked at from the point of position of committedness to the profession due to its aristocracy and service to the humanity instead than due to the factors traditionally identified with this construct. MethodSampleThe survey covered all the physicians from House Officers to Consultants/Professors functioning in the three instruction infirmaries ( PRH, IIMC, IIDC ) of RIU ( module members non involved in clinical pattern are excluded ) .MeasureThe instrument, in the signifier of a questionnaire, used for probe has been adopted as follows Job engagement was measured by 9 points taken from occupation involvement graduated table of J.K.White and R.A.Ruh ( 1973 ) . Each point was measured on a five point Linkert graduated table where value of 1 corresponded to â€Å" Strongly Disagree † and value of 5 corresponded to â€Å" Strongly Agree † . Mean of the tonss obtained on each of the 9 points was calculated to bring forth a individual mark for occupation engagement. Job satisfaction was measured by 19 points taken from Cammann, Fichman and Klesh ( 1979 ) . Each point was measured on five point Linkert graduated table where value of 1 corresponded to â€Å" Strongly Disagree † and value of 5 corresponded to â€Å" Strongly Agree † . The tonss obtained on each of the 19 points were converted into mean to bring forth individual mark for occupation satisfaction. The concluding version of this questionnaire consisted of 28 inquiries utilizing five point Linkert Scale and six demographic facets.ProcedureDatas were collected, on site, over a period of 10 yearss from the pre determined sample. Purpose of the survey and the questionnaires were discussed with the decision makers of the infirmaries. One officer at every infirmary, punctually briefed about the assorted facets of the questionnaire, was nominated to personally administer and subsequently roll up the questionnaires from the respondent. A sum of 140 questionnaires were distributed among the physicians at three infirmaries of which 127 completed questionnaires were received back. Therefore, the respondents represent 90.71 % of the selected population which is a reasonably high degree of response. ( Note: Non response from a few is chiefly attributed to the physicians being on leave during the period of probe )ConsequencesTable 01: Correlation MatrixAJob SatisfactionEmployee Involvement0.43** **p a†°Ã‚ ¤ 0.01, n =127Table 02: Arrested developments AnalysisIndependent VariableBetat-valueP-valueJob Involvement 0.43 5.43 0.000 Ns =127 R Square = 0.19 ; Adjusted R Square = 0.18 ; F =29.48 ; Significance F = .000 ; Dependent Variable = Job SatisfactionFINDINGS & A ; DISCUSSIONThe correlativity analysis indicate a important relationship of 0.43** ( **p & lt ; 0.01 ) . Thus it supports hypothesis of survey that the physicians ‘ occupation satisfaction at learning infirmaries of RIU depends to good extent upon their occupation engagement. The arrested development analysis indicate that merely 19 % discrepancy in the dependant variable is explained by the independent variable. This low value indicates that there are other variables which contribute towards occupation satisfaction of physicians working at learning infirmaries of RIU. The value and T values besides show a important value which proves the hypothesis of current survey. The consequences of this survey are consistent with consequences obtained in survey conducted by Huselid & A ; Becker ( 1998 ) The concerned directors and physicians at these infirmaries were asked to show their sentiment about importance of occupation engagement at their work topographic point. After elaborate treatment the ground for this important relationship is due to the fact that these infirmaries are established with a mission to pattern ethical values, focused more on a service for community instead than fiscal additions. The physicians who join these infirmaries largely come with a mission aligned with organisational aims. Hence, apart from other factors, occupation engagement is one of the key factors which make them satisfied with their occupation. The survey contributes towards explicating importance of employee engagement in occupation satisfaction. The findings besides suggested that direction might be able to increase the degree of satisfaction with increasing the interactions with physicians in staff meetings. Doctors could be interviewed to find their perceptual experiences of direction ‘s ability to turn to these issues. Most of the Pakistani organisations do non recognize the importance of occupation engagement which as per the present survey is one of the cardinal contributing factors towards occupation satisfaction.DecisionThe primary aim of this research was to analyze the impact of occupation engagement on the degree of occupation satisfaction of physicians functioning at the learning infirmaries of RIU. This survey has through empirical observation demonstrated that occupation engagement has a positive relationship with the degree of occupation satisfaction among the selected sample of physicians. Therefore, RIU may see following the policies which may further higher degrees of occupation engagement. This may besides be an effectual scheme to increase the degree of occupation engagement among the physicians and, in return, harvest the benefits of the higher efficiency and greater patient satisfaction. More investing in conditions that are contributing to increasing the occupation engagement would accomplish higher degree of occupation satisfaction, finally taking to increased patient satisfaction and organisational growing.Restrictions of the StudyIt is of import to observe that this survey is based on preset population comprising of the physicians functioning at the three learning infirmaries of RIU. As these infirmaries are being managed by the same authorization i.e. RIU, the physicians are working under the same policies and, more or less, in the similar working environment. This may restrict the generalizability of the findings to other scenes and population. Thus, farther research should try to retroflex and widen these findings to different samples in different organisational scene.

Management and Leadership at Cvs Caremark

Management and Leadership at CVS Caremark Michell McGill MGT/330 September 10th, 2012 Ed Robinson CVS Caremark is the largest pharmacy health care provider in the United States with integrated offerings across the entire spectrum of Pharmacy Care. CVS Caremark is a market leader in mail-order pharmacy, retail pharmacy, specialty pharmacy, and retail clinics and is a leading provider of Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plans.As one of the country’s largest pharmacy benefits managers (PBM’s) CVS Caremark provides access to a network of more than 65,000 pharmacies, including more than 7,3000 CVS/pharmacy stores that provide unparallel services and capabilities(â€Å"Recruiter contact information,† 2012). The size and components of the company CVS Caremark has implemented a leadership team comprised of talented and diverse leaders who’s abilities makes the company a leader among retail and specialty pharmacies in the United States.CVS Caremark divides the com pany into a Business Unit that consists of MinuteClinic, Pharmacy Benefit Management and Retail Pharmacy. Leadership, defined as influencing individual and group activities toward goal achievement. Executive leadership is a key component to the success of CVS Caremark. CVS Caremark fill many of their Executive Leadership opportunities from within, colleagues are offered development plans and encourage open dialog with colleagues and managers.Regular training and leadership development programs ensure that talent can be promoted from within the company. CVS Caremark employs Senior Executive Teams and department and line executives these positions are responsible for support and to work with teams that manage most of the major staff support functions (â€Å"Recruiter contact information,†2012). Management is described as the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals. At CVS Caremark there are several types of managers in the retail stores.T here are district store managers, district pharmacy managers, store managers, shift managers, photo lab supervisors, pharmacy managers, lead pharmacy teach, minute clinic manager and each manager report to the store managers. The distribution center employs more managers as well as other departments. Roles and Responsibilities MinuteClinic are managed by nurse practitioner who offer services to treat minor health issues such as strep throat, and ear, eye, sinus, bladder, and bronchial infections. Others convince of the minute clinic is the ability to have several common vaccinations, flu shots, hepatitis A and B, tetanus, and pneumonia.The benefit to the customer is there are no appointment necessary and the practitioner specialist can diagnose and treat and write prescriptions, which can be filled immediately in the store pharmacy with little or no waiting. Other convient services are camp, sports, and college physicals on a daily walk in, no appointment necessary. Pharmacy Benefit Management is another business unit that assists the customers with managing their benefit, filing prescription by mail and in the retail setting. The services offered help the customer file insurance and fill his or her prescriptions.Services such as ready fill and 90 day supply of maintenance medications like blood pressure, asthma medication, birth control, etc. can be automatically refilled every month or 90 days according to their insurance plan. The benefit to the customs is that they do not have to file their insurance and be reimbursed by the insurance company. The prescriptions can be automatically refilled every month or every 90 days. CVS/pharmacy retail division is America’s leading retail pharmacy with more than 7,300 CVS/pharmacy and Longs Drug stores .Many of CVS/ pharmacies are open 24 hours, which is always a benefit to the customer who may have a late night trip to the ER. CVS/pharmacy offer personalized expertise, in the retail stores and online at CVS. co m. This is a benefit to the elderly patients, they do not have to remember to call in their prescriptions, and they get a coursity phone call if the prescriptions are not picked up within two days after the fill. As people are living longer today the elderly many times do not have help maintaining their drugs or other needs and at time the responsibility can become overwhelming.Customers enjoy the convince to speak with a pharmacist about minor issues with their health or medications. Cot to cost every CVS/pharmacy offer prescription medications related health care products and other health products, such as first aid products, crutches, walkers for the elderly, bed pan, etc. There are 600 in-store minute clinics with more to come by 2016. The front store offer a wide variety of popular beauty supplies, health, and personal care brands, well stocked convince foods and a photo lab with one hour services and many other photo needs, seasonal aisle, and gift ideas and a large supply of cards for every occasions.CVS Caremark is in the United States, the company is launching a Spanish version of Caremark. com. CVS Caremark planes precipitations have access to most comprehensive Spanish-language Web site in PBM industry. The services provided will be the same services as English-speaking customers. While CVS Caremark offers great services and benefits to their employees, turnover can be a problem, due to some factors that stand out, According to Sam Walton of Wal-mart, â€Å"If you want to know where the problem is ask the front line†.The employees at CVS have several issues that if corrected the employees may be happier and offer better customer service. One issue is with the work environment, in retail pharmacy employees work an eight-hour shift and many days there is no breaks, no lunch, and many times no bathroom breaks. When dealing with customers who are sick and not feeling well, and all they want is to get their medicines and go home. The employees nee d to have a break from the crazy fast pace of the frontline. This would take care of the bathroom problem.While the management does not tell employees not to take a break, they also do not make taking break easy. As for a lunch break, employees can have food in the store but many times some stores may fill 800 to a 1,000 prescriptions a day. This leaves little time to eat or anything else. If employees had a break and a little time to eat, service with a smile, is more likely. Another employee issue is the work schedule, no set schedules are , most store employees including managers are required to work two- day shifts and two evening or night shifts and every other weekend.If the store is open 24 hours the last shift get off around 11:00 p. m. . . The 24- hour stores never close for anything, rain sleet or snow. If CVS Caremark would look at these couple of problems the service would improve, the customers would be happier. Customers can at times wait 30 minutes to an hour for thei r prescriptions. Employee who are exhausted and hungry and need to go to the restroom are less likely to provide great customer service. CVS Caremark management is always looking for ways to improve their service at the store level.There are weekly phone conferences for the management team, the pharmacist, the technicians, and the minutecilnic, and retail front store. To discuss the monthly service goals and what need to be completed to improve the service for the months to come. The district managers need to be in the store more often and the management need to take better care of their employees on a daily bases and management will see a change in customer service scores. References: Recruiter contact information. (2012). Retrieved from http://info. cvscaremark. com

Passive vs. Active Voice

Passive vs. Active Voice Passive vs. Active Voice Passive vs. Active Voice By Erin English teachers like myself love to warn new writers against the evils of passive voice. Here at Daily Writing Tips, Michael has written about passive writing, and I recently wrote about dummy subjects, but it looks like theres still some confusion about passive voice and its use. For more on passive vs. active sentence construction, I turn to two books that should be staples in any writers library: William Zinssers On Writing Well, and Constance Hales Sin and Syntax. First, lets review what passive voice is. In most sentences, we have a subject performing an action. For example: Jason threw the ball. Jason is the subject. In a passive sentence, the subject of the sentence is acted upon rather than performing the action, as in: The ball was thrown by Jason. The ball is the subject and it is being acted upon. Verbs in the passive voice have two parts: some form of the verb to be and a past participle form of the action verb: was thrown. (The helping verbs has or have can also appear in a passive verb: the ball has been thrown.) A writer may choose to use the passive voice in order to emphasize one thing over another. In the second example, the ball (rather than Jason) becomes the most important component of the sentence. Zinsser says that passive voice should be used sparinglyonly when theres no way around it. The difference between an active-verb style and a passive-verb stylein clarity and vigoris the difference between life and death for a writer. In most (but not all) cases, the passive construction is longer, clunkier, and more vague. Take these examples from student research papers: The poorer people were deprived of their opportunities. Documents were cited to prove that an estimated 12 to 20 million illegal immigrants have been admitted to the United States. Talks have been conducted on the subject of starting a worker program for the illegal immigrants. In each of these examples, the passive voice construction gives us unnecessary words and clunky sentences that can be easily revised: Harsh immigration laws deprive poorer people of opportunities. State Department officials estimate the number of illegal immigrants at from 12 to 20 million. President Bush has proposed starting a [guest] worker program for the illegal immigrants. In part, the use of active voice over passive voice is a matter of word economy and simplicity. If you can say something with fewer words, you probably should. Its also a matter of making your words work for you. As Zinsser says, active verbs push hard and passive verbs tug fitfully. Using an active verb helps make the sentence more vivid and precise; does your subject walk, or does he saunter? Does she fall, or does she stumble? Hale warns against relying too heavily on is and are (and to be in all its forms): Novices tend to rely on is and other static verbs and lose momentum by stumbling into the passive voice. That said, you still have to be careful not to overdo it. Sometimes, passive voice is useful. Sometimes its even necessary. As commenter Bill G pointed out, the dummy subject it is necessary in describing weather phenomenon (it is raining). In Sin and Syntax, Hale gives us this example: Writers and editors can get too literal-minded about eschewing the stationary passive. They forget that the passive voice does exist for a reason. One syntactically challenged slot editor at the Oakland Tribune, sticking adamantly to a policy demanding the active voice, changed the screaming, above-the-fold headline I-580 killer convicted to Jury convicts I-580 killer (which screamed less loudly, since the stretched-out phrase required a smaller type). In Hales headline example, we can see that the sentence was better served by the passive construction. The action (the killers conviction) was more important than the subject of the sentence (the jury). The trick is knowing when to use active voice, and when passive voice is more effective. Many writersespecially beginnersrely too heavily on passive construction, allowing their prose to become limp and lazy. You can keep from falling into this trap by being conscious of your use of dummy subjects (it and there) and be verbs. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should Know45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†How Do You Pronounce "Often"?

Workplace Etiquette 101 Respect the Receptionist

Workplace Etiquette 101 Respect the Receptionist The Pollyannas of the world have no trouble being nice to just about everyone, but sometimes the rest of us have to prioritize the humans we have the capacity to treat with courtesy. Always prioritize being polite to the receptionist. Let me say it again.Always. Prioritize. Being. Polite. To. The. Receptionist.Otherwise you may find yourself frozen out, passed over, or otherwise barred from the gates of wherever you are trying to enter  that had the sense to hire someone to keep out the rabble.Soteris Phoraris over at CareerAddict has some more specific tips to motivate you to remember which side your paperwork is buttered on, to mix a metaphor.They Get it From EveryonePeople who dont know better assume that the person hired to be the first public point of contact is actually low on the totem pole. This means that the receptionist greeting you at the door may have already dealt with a dozen entitled, pushy, condescending clients or customers by the time you show up. If you arent po lite and gracious, they may let loose the backlog of exasperation theyve been storying up all day- and youll have only yourself to blame.They Are Probably Control FreaksThe thing about receptionists is they pretty much know everyone and have an integral role in every office process that exists. I was once temping in a fancy Connecticut town for a few months, and at first I assisted in various departments of the Town Hall- a few weeks of efficient filing and transcribing and they asked me to take over processing applications for and distributing parking permits. I had to learn the current system for processing applications for parking permits from the town receptionist. I thought I was being eager, respectful, and helpful, but she was so mortally offended that a kid was being brought in to assist that she took early retirement and quit, leaving me with approximately 2 hours of training and no experience whatsoever. I had to figure out all the filing systems shed built over the years by trial and error. It was not fun. Let receptionists have their systems, people. Find your place in the system, do not expect the system to adapt to you.They Could Be a Future CEOEven if they dont later decide to rise through the ranks, you never know when someone is working a day job to finance their career as a brilliant playwright or starving virtuoso. The person fielding your calls and passing along your messages today will probably remember you once shes climbed up the ladder- whether she thinks of you fondly or maintains a vengeance vision board in her corner office is really up to you.How You Treat Them Actually Says More About YouEver catch yourself taking out your own angst on a total stranger? Treating others lower in the hierarchy badly shows your own lack of self esteem. Just like waiters, dogs, and kids, how you treat people hired to provide service or creatures incapable of defending themselves is an indicator of your character. There are a few subway commuters I owe apologies to because they happened to be walking slowly or on the left, or stood in front of an empty seat. If Id thought they were possibly receptionists, I would have been more polite.The Receptionists Test: The Difference Between Hiring and Dont call us, well call you.Receptionists tend to have very close working relationships with their immediate supervisors, which could mean anything from middle management to  the CEO. If youre interviewing with a potential new employer and have an opportunity to be professional and friendly with the receptionist, TAKE IT. Odds are the hiring manager you met with is going to ask their assistant what they thought of you. They can say, He seemed really great or they can say, Are they casting an American Psycho reality show? Because that guy was the worst. The power is yours.PerksBest case scenario, your messages get through faster, you spend less time waiting for appointments, or you dont have to photocopy your own documents. Depending on the i ndustry, the office, and your relative position, being on good terms with a receptionist can have serious perks for your worklife. Learn their coffee order, take note of the communal candy, and remember pet/child/spouse names. You know, be a person. And this time maybe therell be something in it for you!Why You Should Be Kind to the ReceptionistRead More at www.careeraddict.com

Empowerment and Goal Setting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Empowerment and Goal Setting - Essay Example It is management's responsibility to create an environment in which that knowledge is brought out and used for the benefit of the people and the organisation. An employee's ability to solve problems, make decisions and take actions based on those decisions, management has often encouraged the first two but has failed to allow the third. (Holbeche 2004, p.60). Three organisations utilising the empowerment process are Delphi Packard (Delphi), Virgin Mobile and Ritz Carlton Hotels, all three organisations are applying the process differently and with differing results. Delphi is applying empowerment as stated in the Holbeche quote from a management perspective, the lead engineer responsible for the day to day engineering management of the Ford Transit Project, has been empowered to request overtime for contractors and permanent staff. The necessity for it and the amount of time required needs to be agreed by senior management. The lead engineer also has the responsibility for giving appraisals and assigning staff responsibilities. All of which merely removes some of the repetitive tasks from the HR department. In opposition the junior staff at Delphi have been given more empowerment as an engineer can act on his decision to make changes to the system without the need to consult the lead engineer.

Case Study Analysis Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis Paper - Case Study Example It's not very clear from the case whether this was Carl's first job. In any case Carl missed the 2nd Habit that Stephen Covey preaches. He was ill-prepared for the magnitude of work required to follow through his recruitment decision. He never had a plan and practice. When Operations Supervisor contacted him in mid-May he claimed to be in full control of the situation. The enquiries from Monica should have alerted him. Believing in his verbal assurances she proceeded with her own orientation programme. Businesses are never run on the spoken words. Capabilities and means to asses are primarily important. This is a mistake that Carl Robins and Monica Carrolls must understand. Both are at fault in this case study. The most important fallout of this crisis would be delayed orientation for these new recruits giving a bad image of the company leading to a early exit of these potential employees in future. One cannot expect this to be a great organization. The application forms have to be verified and corrected now to begin with, this will take time and in business time is money. Lost time means loss of money and an opportunity loss for the company. Carl should be more principled and be organized. One of the most important disciplines is - to learn, to work and to think.